One of the portentous signs on the human body and especially on the face are pigment formation. The morphology, they are benign tumors, referred to as moles in the home. They are capable under certain circumstances to degenerate into serious illness, and therefore doctors call them «sleeping snake». Their origin they are congenital and newly formed, as if so the nature of man tells him ugotovlennoy fate or disclose to others the mystery of his character.  Their impact moles are considered to be favorable or unfavorable.

 Hair does not belong to elements of a person, but play a major role in shaping not only the external appearance of the face and head, but also have some importance as a physiognomic sign. They are hard and soft, straight and curly, curly and fluffy. Quality of hair is determined by genetic predisposition, they contain important information about a person's life, and largely reflect his fate.  Depending on the species they contain the pigment carotene, they are dark (brunettes), chestnut (shateny), blond (blond), blond and, less often - red.

The chin is located in the lower face and is one of the major components that determine its shape. In turn, the shape of the chin depends on the lateral angle of the mandible and determined by the degree of reason «chin triangle» - the elevation in front of the chin area (Fig. 43).     Fig. 43 chin width of the triangle: a-narrow chin,  b-wide chin  If the angle of the mandible to 125 degrees and «chin Triangle» sharp - the lower part of the person concerned to narrow the options (triangular or oval).

Cognitive interest and importance in the plastic individuals have teeth. As a support for the lips, they even affect the rest of their profiling, tone and vzaimopolozhenie, identifying facial expression and his personality. Baring during the conversation, smiles and laughter, their teeth are signs of actively shaping individuals, adding facial harmony, or destroying it, especially in their absence. Their shape, size and position in the dental row on the edges of the lips and other parts of the face, the proportionality between them, her whole face and its components, matching their shape with the shape of the face and many other things, taken together, form a beautiful face and smile.

Concluding the description of the lips, there's always one of their functions - kisses. This emotionally - the dynamic state, to be exact - the action belongs only to man, which is expressed by touching his lips to the lips or other parts of the body. This ritualistic touching her lips done, not only to humans but also to inanimate objects (crosses, icons, sacred objects and other things), but in all cases, this is a sign of love or other positive feelings - respect, esteem or friendly affection.

One of the most visible and spectacular ways to express feelings and emotions is a smile.  Do not be ringing - no violins  No wind - sniknut sails  And the role of a priceless smile  Throughout harmony person.  This property of human facial expressions created an integrated multi-element faces: eyes, lips, cheeks and is a very important contributing factor in human communication (Fig. 28). Some animals: dog, monkey, in an outburst of joy, able to present something like a smile, but only man is capable of a smile to express pleasure, joy, happiness, tenderness, joy, irony, sarcasm, love and other emotions.

The most moving part of the face is the area of the mouth, which includes the lips and the surrounding soft tissue, closing the mouth opening (mouth). The lips on the inside form the space, which is separated from the actual mouth dental series.  A mouth made the most important functions: eating, breathing, speech communication, emotional expression, kissing and other vital functions. As of the lips, combined with the expression of the eyes and other features, you can judge the moral qualities of man and his physical and mental condition.

Architecture Center is a person's nose, consisting of bone and cartilage framework, forming the nasal cavity. In all newborns, regardless of hereditary traits, their noses are small and snub-nosed, but subsequently become dominant signs: bump, flattened, shape, length, and others. It is difficult to Cyrano de Bergerac in infancy with atypical, long before the absurd nose.  Characterize their noses in shape, width, length, on his tip, nose, wings, nose to the base and back. The variety of possible combinations of these features are evident in everyday life and has the ethnic and geographical features of the structure and configuration.

Ear in the anatomical sense, represented auricle in the form of skin duplikatury that encloses the elastic cartilage. Like dermal patterns of fingers, the configuration of the ear is strictly individual. Front of the ear canal is located ledge - tragus, and behind him the other - antitragus. At the top of the ear is bending wrapped anteriorly - pinstripe, and down from it is split ends roller - anthelion. The lower edge of the ear cartilage has called lobe. Like the iris, pinna has a neuro - humoral and energy ties with all organs and systems, and is widely used in reflexology for indirect effects on them with the help of acupuncture.

Nature has provided eye as delicate, important and informative body of reliable defenders - a device in the form of fat, the eyelashes, eyelids and eyebrows. Eyebrows are broad and narrow, short and long, straight and oblique, with corners and arched, thick, rare, and fused, oriented horizontally, up or down. Each of these features gives a person certain expressions: femininity or masculinity, cheerfulness or sadness (Fig. 13).     Fig. 13 Varieties of eyebrows  Because of the mobility of the eyebrows change their shape in various states and facial expressions play an important role in the plastic face and his expressiveness.

Configuration age and shape of the optic fissure, together with the iris, the individual variability, which determines the infinite variety of human eyes. How to guard the pearl shell valves, and forever protect the eyeball from external influences, moisturizing mucous membrane of the cornea. Usually a person blinks every fifteen seconds, that is, four times a minute. The baby did not blink until a certain age in general. If a person is healthy, he could not blink for several minutes. Animals blink more often than men and can not stand being stared at - turn away.

One of the most beautiful, expressive and informative components of individuals are the human eye. They are rightly considered to be «mirror» of the soul, and the ancient Chinese called them and physiognomists «mirror of the mind». At the same time, they are the most difficult to study and interpretation.  From the point of view of the eye as the material structure (shape, cut, color, etc.) is acceptable to them and spiritual evaluative component - look. It is well known how expressive he can be, and how many there are living and its literary characteristics.

Important in the formation of the head and the human face is its «heavenly part» - brow of old, who was considered one of the main decorations of the face. To create the impression of great height of the forehead, in the old days, Japanese woman shaves her eyebrows and painted them on the level of the hair.  It is known that the frontal bone is formed under the pressure of the growing brain and all its convolutions, taking over time one or another configuration. Therefore, the development of the brain affects the shape of the skull, forehead and face, but apparently there is some truth in the words of AS Pushkin: «I have heard the truth experienced that forehead is broad, but little brain!».

The basis of division by race are a few morphological features. Under the current classification of division by race is held on the so-called anthropo-geographical and color. There are three major races - Caucasoid, - This includes people with fair skin, Negroid, and its representatives have black skin and Mongoloid - the yellow race. Each group is divided into subgroups, characterized by certain features, but they are based on anthropological and geographical influence (Fig. 6).  The representatives of the same race shape of the head and face has something in common, but there are exceptions, and expressed.

Those men and women differ on a number of features. They should not be confused with individual characteristics.    For example, a woman's face in the middle of the wide and low, the mouth, usually small, thin nose. Men face wider at the bottom of the lower jaw is massive, the chin is marked clearly. Also, the person as a whole seems elongated, the nose in the proportional relationship with the person as a whole looks small. On the other hand, it is clear that a woman's head is smaller than men's, its shape is more regular egg shape, facial features more subtle, not like speakers and angular, like the representatives of the stronger sex (to some extent this is due to the presence of subcutaneous adipose tissue ).

Size and shape of the skull depends on sex, age, individual characteristics, racial and ethical accessories (ritual artificial cranial deformation, adopted by some nations).    Differences in the skeleton of the head of adult men and women belonging to one racial group is not immediately apparent, but difficult to identify the relevant dimensions of the sex of the skull.    Prior to the onset of puberty and sexual peculiarities of the skeleton of the head is weak, but the skull of adults may be relatively easy to determine who - man or woman - he belongs.

Person is a department of the human head, located on the hairy part to the chin and limited to the lateral surfaces of the temporo-auricular and buccal regions. From a topographical point of view, represented by several isolated zones: frontal, supraorbital, ushno-mastoid, eye, infraorbital, zygomatic, nasal, upper and nizhnegubnuyu, mouth, cheek and chin. Each of these zones is some information not only on the face, but also about its owner. In the face area are concentrated most important and most complex sensory organs, as well as various kinds of sensitive innervation, since the optical system and ending with tactile sensitivity.

 Many internal organs receive both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation. The influence of these two departments is often antagonistic nature. In physiological conditions, the activities of internal organs depends on the prevalence of certain influences.  With the predominance of parasympathetic tone of the evolving state of vagotonia, the sympathetic part sympathicotonia. For example, stimulation of sympathetic nerves leads to increased frequency of heart contractions, and stimulation of parasympathetic fibers has the opposite effect of decrease in heart rate.

Anatomical features  The autonomic nervous system    Vegetative (autonomous) nervous system of the nervous system that regulates the body of the internal organs, glands of internal and external secretion, blood and lymph vessels, trophism tissue and homeostasis. Functioning on a subconscious level, she quickly and continuously respond to disturbances that threaten the permanence of the internal environment.  For me nowadays, the term autonomic nervous system originates from the work of Bichat (Bishat, 1800).

Hypoglossal nerve    Hypoglossal motor nerve innervating the muscles of language, which contains sympathetic and sensory fibers. Sympathetic fibers enter the nerve to connective branches from the upper cervical node simpaticheskogo barrel. Sensory fibers coming from the lower node (gangl. infegiog).  The core of the hypoglossal nerve (nucl. n. hypoglossi) located in the medulla oblongata at the bottom of the rhomboid fossa. Lower division core stretches up to 1 11 cervical segments.