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As the disease affect the face
03-09-2009
While studying sculpture and painting portraits of the natural person or people who can distinguish the set of distinctive features that define the individuality of appearance, on the one hand, and the condition of the person (alive or portrait) - on the other. It's head and, accordingly, a person is part of the body, to a greater degree of personally identifiable individual. Externally, the person can be broadly defined physical and mental condition. It suffices to recall the expression of individuals in a state of agony in the religious ( «Crucifixion», «Sv.Sebastyan», «The situation in the coffin»), mythological ( «Laocoon»), or historical subjects ( «Ivan the Terrible kills his son»).
Person sick person, regardless of age acquires a certain status and expression of pain, depression, excitement, fear, etc.
The main external features characteristic of the pathological
states of the organism.
Skin
Its color is determined by race and depends on the amount of the pigment melanin. Human skin can be very bright, white and pink, or vice versa - a dark, bronze. In white-skinned people skin color also depends on the blood supply, emotional state and temperature.
Depending on the amount of melanin isolated some deviations from the norm - dihromii:
- Achromia, characterized by the disappearance in some areas of the skin pigment and the appearance of white spots of various shapes (vitiligo) and the values, or lack of skin pigmentation (albinism);
- Hyperchromia, where due to thickening of melanin in some areas, formed patches on the skin, freckles, moles.
Many diseases have a direct impact on the nuances
skin. For example, as a result of anemia and syncope appears pale skin, with cardiac and pulmonary disease appears lividity of the skin, with an increase in body temperature, blood pressure and fevers face reddens, and for renal failure is characterized by a dark yellowish color.
Humidity of the skin of healthy people does not exceed the norm. When sweating and activity of sebaceous glands, usually appears shine in the forehead and back of the nose. Leather skinny people, usually dry, and in full, it is moist, oily. When physical activity, strong emotional shock, as well as the heat intensifies the work of the sweat glands, especially in the forehead.
Increased sweating constant characteristic for certain diseases (hyperthyroidism).
Some viral and bacterial infections occur with herpes on his lips, warts, boils, pimples, acne (acne vulgaris).
Scope Eye
Some disease has a certain effect on the eyeball and the surrounding region. These changes may be permanent, temporary or casual nature.
Eyelids
-Entopiya - manifested «twisting» of the free end of the century, with the eyelashes, too, are bent inwards. This disease is characteristic for the elderly and usually suffer from lower eyelid.
-Ectopia - ever «torn out» out, while partially exposing the conjunctiva century, as a result of disrupted the distribution of tears, tears running along his cheeks. Often amazed, also, the lower eyelid aging. The most common cause - the weakening of the muscle tone of the circular eye.
Ptosis, eyelid (blepharoptosis) - is characterized by partial or complete omission of the upper eyelid due to paralysis of the muscles, raises his or hypotension circular muscles of the eye. The disease can be congenital or acquired, and affects both the upper eyelid.
-Xanthelasma - deposition in the side of the upper or lower, or both age yellowish lipid films. It occurs in old age.
Conjunctiva.
-Conjunctivitis - inflammation of the mucous membrane of age and the eyeball. The eye becomes red, conjunctiva swells. In the corners of the eyes can accumulate festering lumps.
-Hemorrhagic inflammation of the conjunctiva appear hemorrhage from microvessels in violation of their permeability, due to injury or excessive stress. Thus there is a red spot close to the iris.
-Belmont - the deposition of yellowish color on the conjunctiva of the eye, as a rule, it is formed by the nose between the cornea and the inner angle century. This is a small formation of adipose tissue may also appear in the center of the cornea, resulting in reduced vision.
Color of sclera.
Sclera may acquire a yellowish tint due to infiltration of fat. Sclera become yellow with age and as a result of some disease - anemia, renal insufficiency. In the case of diseases we are talking about infiltration of bilirubin.
The bluish tint due to the thinning of the sclera, through which shone the underlying dark layer. The color of the sclera is typical for babies and people suffering from congenital diseases of the locomotor apparatus.
Sclera becomes brown hue as a result of accumulation of melanin, a phenomenon typical for Blacks.
Eyeball.
Crossed eyes (strabismus) - position of the eyes, in which the visual line of one eye focused on the subject under consideration, and others - refused to side. Developed as a result of violations of the agreed work of the eye muscles. There are two types of strabismus: Strabismus due to palsy, omission of one or several external eye muscles, and strabismus, which is a consequence of a breach of the eye muscles. Strabismus can be divergent (one eye is directed toward the temple) and convergent (one eye is directed toward the nose).
Exophthalmos (exophthalmia) is expressed in the displacement of the eyeballs forward. Usually affects both eyes. The disease can be congenital or acquired due to trauma or disease. Reasons exophthalmos may be acromegaly, hyperthyroidism.
Enophthalmos - deep position in the eye socket. It may affect one eye (trauma) or, more often, both, old people, as a result of atrophy of soft tissues due to the strong weight loss or dehydration (cachexia).
Cornea
Gerontoxon, causing corneal clouding, has a width of 1,0-1,5 mm. From her iris separates the narrow whitish zone. Appears gerontoxon in the elderly, but can occur up to 50 years. It starts as a short arc in the upper segment of the cornea, then spreads further and takes the form of the ring.
Lens
Cataracts - clouding of the eye lens. With age, the lens can completely lose the transparency, the pupil formed by white-grayish round film.
The nose
External nose may have an irregular shape due to congenital or acquired defects and diseases.
Erythroderma nose - inflammation and reddening of the skin of the nose. The cause could be environmental conditions (cold, sun), emotional state, or chronic infections (including alcoholism).
Rhinophyma - a chronic disease of the skin of the nose, a pronounced increase and disfigurement of the nose vesicular outgrowths with show through the grid of the blood vessels.
The mouth
Lip Color reflects the state of the human body. Bluish happens during asphyxia, or problems with breathing and cardiovascular system. Pale lips indicate anemia and escorted to fear. Lip augmentation in children happens in thyrotoxicosis, and adults - with myxoedema and acromegaly.
There are also congenital disease - failure of union of the upper lip ( «cleft lip»).
Field ears
Microtome or atresia - unnaturally small size of the ear or almost complete lack thereof.
Makrotiya - abnormally large concha.
«Ear Aztecs» - undeveloped or missing earlobe.
«Ear Satire» ( «ear faun») - high ear with a sharpened at the top end.
Droopy ears - when the ear is almost a right angle with the plane of the skull.
In addition to the above common external manifestations of disease states on the face, there are some signs that are typical for specific diseases and conditions.
The main outward signs of disease.
The man's face in a dying state (Hippocratic face) is typical for peritonitis, a strong pain shock, abundant blood loss:
-pointed facial features in general, and nose;
-sunken temples and eyes;
-absence of facial expression and restless, but fixed at one point of view;
parchment-or pale skin color (especially the nose and lips);
-stretched and dry skin on the forehead.
«Cholera person» - sunken eyes, pointed and fixed facial features.
«Ovarian» or «Royal» face - sharp vystoyanie cheekbones, nose, wings, nose, sharply outlined, lips compressed, mouth corners are omitted, the wrinkles around the corners of the mouth and forehead.
«Gastric person» - in chronic diseases of the stomach observed emaciated face with a pronounced nasolabial folds.
«Lion's face» - disfigured knobby, nodular thickening of the skin (with leprosy).
«Tender person» - in patients with bone tuberculosis.
«Hectic person» - with pulmonary tuberculosis: a very lively, sparkling eyes, pale cheeks flushed with sharply defined and cyanotic color of the nose, lips, ears.
Febrile person - in temperaturyaschih patients: reddened cheeks and shining eyes.
Parkinson's disease:
-rigid, devoid of facial expressions a person with an indifferent expression;
occasionally blinking century;
forward-tilted head;
-slippery skin and frequent salivation.
Down Syndrome:
-small, kosoraspolozhennye eye slits;
-flattened round face with wide, flat nose;
-irregular shape of the skull, brahikefalny type of head;
-half-open mouth and small ears;
-small white spots on the iris;
-big, fat tongue with a longitudinal stripe.
Cushing's disease (more often in women suffering from dysfunction of the cortical layer of the adrenal glands):
large full-face;
-acne, pimples;
red or dark purple cheeks;
-appearance of hair on his upper lip, cheeks and chin.
Diseases of the Kidney:
-tissue swelling;
-eyelid edema;
-thickened lips and pale skin of her face;
Signs of tetanus:
-tension face;
-open eye slit;
-voltage facial muscles and reducing spasmodic masticatory muscles (lockjaw);
-appearance of deep wrinkles on his forehead;
mouth-stretching, that gives the impression of a smile ( «sardonic smile»).
The signs of myxedema (typical for adults suffering from acquired hypothyroidism):
-round, swelling, malovyrazitelnoe person;
-small, deep-set eyes swollen;
-thick, rough, dry skin is pale yellowish;
, full lips and thin, sparse, brittle eyelashes, eyebrows and hair.
The signs of myasthenia gravis:
strabismus, ptosis and upper eyelid;
-weakening and atrophy of facial muscles;
-peculiar situation lips ( «unnatural smile»).
Symptoms of enlarged adenoids and allergies:
-amazed (and sometimes somewhat stupid) expression;
, fleshy lips and half-open mouth;
-swollen and heavily pigmented lower eyelids ( «black eye»);
-serving the lower jaw, an elongated nose and thin nostrils.
Signs angina:
-suffering expression on his face;
pale skin and sweating.
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism (Grave's disease):
-abundant beard and bushy eyebrows;
-exophthalmos (exophthalmia, shine eye), feverish eyes;
-reduction of the upper eyelid, goiter;
-bright, red skin.
Signs of acromegaly:
large-heavy features;
-prominent cheekbones and eyebrows;
-significantly increased inion and mastoid process;
-elongated face with thick rough skin;
-thickened lips, nose, ears;
much-developed lower jaw, chin, he, the discrepancy dentitions, jaws.
Thus, besides the age of many disease states and specific diseases have their effect on all elements of the face.
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