Double, dustoronnie, multiple fractures of the mandible

Damage condylar sprouts in second place in the structure of mandibular fractures. This is due to the fact that when struck on the chin from front to back is broken neck mandibular condylar sprouts, and in case of application of force to the lateral parts of the body, the branches or the chin to the most vulnerable is the base condylar sprouts, along with the angle of the mandible. The mechanism of fracture and in fact and in another case - the bend. Should be recalled that near the base of the appendix condylar cross-sectional area of bone in the lateral (naruzhnovnutrennem) direction is much less than in the anteroposterior.

There are actually branches of fractures of the mandible, coronoid and condylar processes it. Fracture of the actual branches of the mandible in the horizontal direction is more often localized in the middle section and it is caused by compression. Small otlomok under the influence of temporal and to a lesser degree lateral muscles pterygium rotary motion in the joint moves upward inside and a few front. However, when expressed by a slant fracture cracks in the direction upwards and inwards (the turn of the outer compact disc is much lower than on the inside), the displacement of small fragments medially may not occur as a result of holding it on the big fragments (it rests against the inner compact disc of large fragments).

If the fracture line passes between the central incisors vertically down to the bottom of the chin department formed almost the same size fragments, which is attached to the same number of muscles. These fragments are in a state of dynamic equilibrium, the displacement of crude is not observed. However, due to the dominance of power over the chewing muscles medial wing-in the presence of a movable fulcrum of each fragments (articular head) there is a slight shift in the bottom of the body of the mandible outwards.

Mandibular fractures most often occur in the region of its angle. This fracture is more often direct, sometimes - as reflected, ie at some distance from the place of the applied force. Ignoring this fact is often the cause of diagnostic errors, especially at the turn without bias. For the displacement of fragments of considerable importance is the localization of the fracture gap. If it passes anterior to the chewing muscles and the medial pterygium, or more precisely - within only a quarter of the front of their plane, the displacement of fragments more often than significant.

These fractures tend to occur at the site of application of force, ie direct. The clinical manifestation of a unilateral fracture of the lower jaw of any location, including the lateral part of the body of the jaw, is largely predetermined by the direction of the plane of the fracture and its location relative to the median line: the farther from it is a fracture plane, the greater the displacement of bone fragments. Before talking about the nature of the displacement of fragments of the mandible in its turn, it should be recalled that represent the plane and axis.