Many internal organs receive both sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation. The influence of these two departments is often antagonistic nature. In physiological conditions, the activities of internal organs depends on the prevalence of certain influences.
With the predominance of parasympathetic tone of the evolving state of vagotonia, the sympathetic part sympathicotonia. For example, stimulation of sympathetic nerves leads to increased frequency of heart contractions, and stimulation of parasympathetic fibers has the opposite effect of decrease in heart rate.
However, in some cases, both the Department of the autonomic nervous system act synergistically. For example, the emotional feeling of fear may be accompanied by increased heart rate (sympathetic response) and at the same time the urge to urinate.
In many organs, and with the sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation (or «double innervation), in physiological conditions prevailing regulating influence of parasympathetic nerves. These organs include the bladder. In general, we can say that two of these departments are working alternately, depending on the activity of the organism and the team from the higher autonomic centers, of which dominates one or the other.
Children (especially infants), autonomic nervous system is easily excitable, labile. Excitation arising in one of its divisions, generalizes rapidly, causing resistant generalized reaction. Its regulatory role in relation to the internal organs are not the same: a better regulated by the cardiovascular system, respiratory worse.
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