Racial characteristics of face

The basis of division by race are a few morphological features. Under the current classification of division by race is held on the so-called anthropo-geographical and color. There are three major races - Caucasoid, - This includes people with fair skin, Negroid, and its representatives have black skin and Mongoloid - the yellow race. Each group is divided into subgroups, characterized by certain features, but they are based on anthropological and geographical influence (Fig. 6). 


The representatives of the same race shape of the head and face has something in common, but there are exceptions, and expressed. As a result of mixed marriages between people of different races is a kind of hybridization, in which there are mixed forms, ie the individual physical characteristics are modified. 
This fully applies to the color, to texture and hair color, eye color, shape of the head and nose. 


  

Fig. 6 Basic human race 
a - Europoid 
  b - Negroid 
in - Mongoloid 



REPRESENTATIVES Caucasian 

  Among them are many groups, and the morphological features vary quite widely. They live in Europe, northern Africa, the Middle East, India, Siberia and northern Japan. As a result of immigration and intermarriage are found on almost all continents (North and South America, Australia, etc.). 
  The main features of the head and face: 
  - The skull and the head are dolichocephalic or mezokefalnomu types, some nations - to brahikefalnomu type, 
  - Skin color from white-pink to light brown, 
  - A person high in the middle part of the wide, with no signs of prognatii, 
  - Hair thin, smooth or wavy, color from black and chestnut to light-haired, facial significant, 
  - Vertical or sloping forehead, superciliary-perenosichnaya region is weak, 
  - The nose slightly elevated, the root and bridge of the nose stand out, the nostrils are narrow or slightly enlarged; 
  - Cheekbones small, flush-mounted, 
  - Pinna medium size 
  - Not deep-set eyes, eye shape, large, eye color is different - from the dark hazel to light gray-blue, 
  - Lips average completeness or narrow, Mouth is medium in size (50 mm), 
  - Chin protruding. 

  

a) The northern population (living in the north-western Europe - in Scandinavia, Iceland, Britain, Denmark, northern Germany, and elsewhere): 
  - The head belongs to srednevyrazhennomu dolihokefalnomu or mezokefalnomu types, neck stands, 
  - Color white and pink, there are freckled face, 
  - Face narrow, high, in no visible features prognatii, eyebrows slightly raised, 
  - Blonde hair - from light gray to pale chestnut, 
  - High forehead, slightly receding, 
  - The nose is thin, narrow nostrils, nasal bridge, she and straight, aquiline noses, and found, 
  - Eyeballs concave, shape of the eyes small, gray-blue or green, 
  - Thin lips, oral fissure is narrow, 
  - His chin is well defined and the lower jaw is high. 

  

b) The Baltic peoples (north-eastern part of Europe - Poland, Lithuania, Russia and other regions): 
  - Head brahikefalnogo type, tall 
  - Color white or ivory 
  - Face a broad and rather short, visible corners 
  - Hair smooth and thin, the color brown or chestnut, 
  - Short nose, small nasal bridge concave shape, strung up his nose, 
  - Cheekbones are reviewed 
  - Wide chin. 


a) The People of the Mediterranean (regions of Europe, Africa and Asia, located near the Mediterranean Sea): 
  - The skull and head are dolihokefalnomu type, narrow; and occurs mezokefalny type, occipital portion is allocated, 
  - Color of skin or dark bronze, 
  - Oval, narrow, clear outlines, 
  - Wavy hair, preferably dark color - from chestnut or dark chestnut to black, abundant vegetation on the face, 
  - The nose is medium in size, narrow, his nose is thin, the back of the nose is straight, the base is located on a horizontal plane or has a gentle slope forward and downward, 
  - Cheekbones are not allocated, 
  - Big eyeballs, eye shape, large. Eyes dark (brown or black), 
  - Lips full, highlights, the average width of the mouth, 
  - The speaker's chin, jaw high. 


g) The People's Party of Iran (Persians, Armenians), live in the territory of the Iranian plateau and Mesopotamia: 
  - Head short (and tall), medium width, occipital region is not allocated, 
  - Skin color is light brown, 
  - A narrow face and high, the contour of triangular 
  - Hair, thick, wavy, black, abundant facial hair, bushy eyebrows, 
  - A large nose, nasal bridge straight or strongly convex, nosolobnaya fold is weak, 
  - Large eyes, the color of dark brown or black, 
  - Lower lip a little advanced, 
  - The lower jaw is low. 


d) The Alpine nation (Central, Northern Europe, the array of the Alps): 
  - The skull and head are brahikefalnomu type, broad and low, the occipital region is not allocated, 
  - Color white and pink or yellow-brown, 
  - A person rather short, broad, oval or rounded, 
  - Hair smooth, slightly wavy, chestnut brown, dark maroon or black, 
  - Average width of the orbit, eye color brown, gray, 
  - Short nose, wide in the nostrils, the back of a narrow, straight or concave, 
  - His chin is not given, the lower jaw is low and wide. 


e) The People of the Adriatic Sea (Danube Plain, Anatolia, the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea): 
  - The skull and head are brahikefalnomu type, short and very tall, his head is flat, with Anatolian peoples, on the contrary prevails dolihokefalny type head with a markedly pronounced occipital region, 
  - Color of skin or dark brown, 
  - An elongated face, broad in the middle part, narrow in the lower jaw, 
  - Hair smooth, chestnut or black, abundant vegetation on the face 
  - Nose lengthened and raised, back straight or convex (aquiline noses and found) in the root of the nose may be a slight depression, 
  - Orbit tall, narrow shape of the eyes and horizontal, eye color brown, meet the blue and green eyes, 
  - Narrow lips, chin and turned up high, the lower jaw is small, low and narrow. 


g) Lapp population (northern Scandinavia): 
  - The skull and head brahikefalnogo type, broad, short, slight protrusion of the occipital region, 
  - Skin is light brown or brown, 
  - Broad face, large, rectangular loop, 
  - Hair smooth, straight or wavy, dark brown or black, facial insignificant 
  - The nose is short, elevated, narrow nasal bridge is straight or concave, 
  - Cheekbones protruding, 
  - Orbit small and low, narrow shape of the eyes, eye color dark brown or black, 
  - Lips narrow, small and pointed chin, lower jaw wide and low. 


h) The People of India (north India, the Ganges basin, the Indian subcontinent): 
  - The skull and the head narrow and elongated, relating to dolihokefalnomu type occipital region is allocated, 
  - Skin color is dark brown, 
  - Face is elongated, in the middle of a broad, oval-shaped contour, 
  - Long hair, thick, smooth or wavy, black or chestnut color, facial hair abundant, 
  - High forehead, a little narrow, slightly convex, 
  - Nose strung up in the root narrow, the base expanded, the back of the nose is straight with a noticeable podperenosichnoy fossa, 
  - Large eye sockets, eyeballs are concave, eye shape, large and oval, eye color dark brown or black, 
  - Chin short, not allocated. 
  Polynesians. Living in the islands of Oceania, have many similarities with the European race: 
  - The skull and head are brahikefalnomu type, they are round (short and wide), flat back of the head, 
  - Skin color is light brown or reddish-brown, 
  - Face is oval, broad, high, features prognatii absent 
  - Wavy hair, smooth. Black color, facial hair is negligible, 
  - Eyes are large, light-brown color, eye shape, large, has the shape of an ellipse, Mongoloid fold, 
  - Protruding cheekbones, wide-set, 
  - The nose is wide, tall, narrow root of the nose, back straight, 
  - Fleshy lips, Mouth wide, 
  - The lower jaw is massive, the chin strung up. 

Blacks 
  Allocated to different groups, each of which has its morphological features (Sudanese ethnic groups living in the area of the Nile; Congolese Bantu, Bushmen, Hottentots, and others). They live in Central and Southern Africa, in parts of Asia, now as a result of migration of living in North America, South America and in Europe. 
• The main features of the head: 
- The skull and head are dolihokefalnomu type, elongated neck, he, 
- The orbital and supraorbital arches are not allocated, 
- Lower jaw is strong, 
- Skin color from brown to dark brown and in black, 
- High forehead, straight, convex, speaking in the middle part, but not the lateral areas of the frontal mounds stand out 
- Face widespread, in the middle of the high, has the features of alveolar prognatii, 
- Cheekbones stand out, 
- The nose is very wide at the base (platirrino), flat nasal bridge, broad and concave, rounded the tip of the nose or a flat shape in the transverse direction, his nostrils expanded (in the transverse direction), 
- Auricle small, 
- Eyes are small, shallow-planted, the color black, sclera have a yellowish tint, 
- Lips fleshy, protruding, pigmented, Mouth wide (on average it is equal to 60 mm), medium-sized teeth (mesodonti), upper incisors are tilted forward, 
  - Chin appears insignificant 
  - Pear-shaped holes are low and very broad in the lower region 
  - Contour sockets almost square or round, 
  - Frontal protrusion zygoma nominated and sent back, as a result focuses on the depth of the canine fossa. 
  Profile of a very special person, concave, in frontal plane - angle (because of the deep transverse depressions in the root of the nose). 

The representatives of the Mongoloid race 
Allocated to different groups, each of which has its morphological features, live in Central and South-East Asia, the Philippines and in North America (the Inuit in Alaska and Canada). Indigenous population of the Americas is only partially typical Mongoloid features (see below). 
The main features of the head: 
  - Skull (and head) large, broad and short (brahikefalny type) 
  - Orbit high, shallow, their upper and lower edges are horizontal, 
  - Lower jaw is strong, mezhnizhnechelyustnoy large diameter, 
  - Color white-yellow of varying intensity, from very light to dark, 
  - A person of great and high, flattened. Nasal crease is not allocated, 
  - Hair smooth, dense, thick with a circular cross section, color - black, facial insignificant 
  - Wide forehead, straight and slightly sloping, eyebrows and nose are not allocated, 
  - A small nose, his nose is thin, the back straight and slightly elevated (particularly in the area of the root), the base of the nose thin (something between «leptorrino» and «camerrino»), 
  - A person with high cheekbones, high cheekbones, stand forward, 
  - Pinna medium-sized or large, lobe a minor, 
  - Eyeball nonconvex, eye shape, narrow, slightly oblique, the medial side (inside) corner of the eye has a crease (Mongoloid fold, expressed in varying degrees, typical for some nationalities), eye color brown or black, the distance between the eye brows and a large gap, 
  - Lips of medium thickness or narrow, not particularly distinguished, 
  - Chin practically stands. 
  According to its characteristic morphological features, the indigenous people of the Americas is close to the Mongoloid race (the Eskimos, Indians living in the regions of the Andes, Amazon, etc.) 
  Their distinctive features of the head and face: 
  - The skull and the head large, broad, relating to or dolihokefalnomu mezokefalnomu types, 
  - Skin color varies from light brown to brownish-yellow or brownish-reddish, 
  - Broad face, with minor manifestations of alveolar prognatii, 
  - Hair straight or wavy, black color, facial hair is either negligible or absent, 
  - High forehead, broad, sloping, 
  - A strong nose, upturned, wide in the nostrils, nasal bridge is convex, aquiline noses are found, 
  - Cheekbones stand out in the side - his eyes are deep set, eye shape, narrow, slightly oblique, Mongoloid fold is expressed to a greater or lesser extent, eye color dark brown, her lips an average of completeness (and sometimes the upper lip above the bottom), Mouth rather wide, his chin is well defined.

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