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Saliva helps to disinfect and whiten teeth
08-09-2009
Oral liquid, or mixed bundles provide a normal functional state of the teeth and oral mucosa. It consists of secretions of the salivary glands, epithelial cells, white blood cells, microorganisms and food debris.
In a normal day secreted about 500 ml of saliva, of which about 200 ml - during meals. and the rest - in a state of rest. Saliva plays a protective role in relation to teeth and oral mucosa.
The functions of saliva include:
• cleansing of the oral cavity of food debris, plaque and bacteria;
• neutralization of acids and bases produced by bacterial plaque;
• antibacterial and antifungal effects;
• dissolution and leaching of sugar from the surrounding tooth sites of oral cavity;
• Ensure receipt of inorganic ions necessary for re-mineralization of primary caries damage.
With age, the secretion of saliva is reduced, and this has adverse effects on oral tissues. Reduced secretion leads) to dryness, difficulty in swallowing solid food, increases the rate of destruction of hard tooth tissues.
Due to the continuous activity of the salivary glands of the oral mucosa is always in a moist condition. In the mouth the saliva is moving in a very thin layer (thickness of about 0,1 mm), surrounding the teeth and soft tissues of the mouth.
Speed of movement of saliva over the plaque helps to remove various substances from the oral cavity. Probably, the different rate of removal of harmful substances is a factor in predetermining different mold attack by caries surfaces of teeth.
The composition and properties of oral fluid is affected by:
• The status of the organism;
• Functional full value of the salivary glands;
• the rate of secretion of saliva;
• availability of food residues;
• hygienic state of the oral cavity.
Saliva contains inorganic and organic substances.
Among the inorganic substances play a significant role minerals (calcium, phosphate, fluoride and other trace elements), with which is supported by a dynamic equilibrium between enamel and saliva.
Under physiological conditions there is a balance between the tooth and the environment. Normally mixed saliva oversaturated with respect to almost all forms of calcium phosphate, which will create optimal conditions for their receipt in a shawl. Reducing the pH in the oral cavity to 4-4.5 after each meal utlenodov leads to the fact that the saliva becomes premature calcium, and this contributes to its exit from the enamel.
Important components of the liquid are organic horn of compounds: proteins, carbohydrates, free amino acids, enzymes, vitamins, some organic acids.
Of the proteins of saliva is most important mucin, which is capable of adsorption on the surface of the tooth, forming an insoluble organic film, which on the one hand, protects the teeth and oral mucosa from damage, and on the other ingibirust diffusion of ions from the saliva of hard tissues.
After the eruption of the tooth oral fluid provides the structure of enamel maturation, education pellikuly on the surface of enamel, which to some extent prevents acids. Due to constant saturation components of saliva solubility of enamel decreases with age, which provides greater resistance to decay.
Neutralization of acids and bases is possible thanks to the buffer systems of saliva (bikarbonatnoy. phosphate and protein), which serves as a protective mechanism at lower pH.
Bactericidal properties of saliva due to release Leikina. Do-zotsima. opsoninov, bacteriolysin.
In the mixed saliva contains enzymes of bacterial origin and secretory (sekregiruemye salivary glands), as well as allocated by the decay of leukocytes. It should be noted that the enzymatic activity of oral fluid depends largely on the amount of food residue and microorganisms in the oral cavity, which in turn is a consequence of the lack of hygienic care. Under these conditions, microorganisms are capable of producing significant amounts of organic acids that contribute to a violation of the activity of certain enzymes, particularly amylase.
Important are plazmosvertyvayuschie and fibrinoliticheskiesvoystva oral fluid, creating a barrier and maintenance of humoral immunity, mechanical, chemical and biological cleansing of the oral cavity.
Due to the variety of properties of liquid horn plays an important role in maintaining the constancy of the environment of oral cavity.
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