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The form of the eye as a criterion of beauty of the human face
02-09-2009
One of the most beautiful, expressive and informative components of individuals are the human eye. They are rightly considered to be «mirror» of the soul, and the ancient Chinese called them and physiognomists «mirror of the mind». At the same time, they are the most difficult to study and interpretation.
From the point of view of the eye as the material structure (shape, cut, color, etc.) is acceptable to them and spiritual evaluative component - look. It is well known how expressive he can be, and how many there are living and its literary characteristics. Self-explanatory definition: insightful, powerful, hard, soft, cold, arrogant or bleary eyes «languishing». We are not hard to imagine the man's face with a thievish eyes or shifty eyes. Sometimes the mind can say about a man more than words.
Way of looking at his companion over his head, spoke of neglect, arrogance and pride. Who does not look at the conversation in the face, but only cast a glance, is usually a man «canny», or feel guilt for permitting someone injustice, but to conceal it. Such people, the outlet view, not credible and are considered by people with a guilty conscience. Man looking firmly and directly in the eyes, withstanding another's opinion, is a bold, courageous, with high self-esteem and a clear conscience.
Not confident man who does not have clear objectives, and often do not achieve anything in life, constantly runs gaze from object to object or to other people and not looking directly at his interlocutor.
Of interest are the observations and conclusions of the ancient - Chinese and European physiognomists about the behavior of the eye during conversation or reflection (Della - Porta - the seventeenth century, Lavater - The eighteenth century, Tommazeo - the twentieth century.). Eyes, wandering around, and only occasionally glancing at the person talking as humans, are either too immersed in their care, or think too much. Continuing downcast eyes and avoid meeting his eyes, prenadlezhat either very arrogant or cold, is not interested in conversation, indifferent to people. Whoever lowers his eyes when referring to him, much more interesting than the one who lowers his eyes when referring to you. Who lowers his eyes, listening to the praise of his address - a modest and honest man. Squint eyes during conversation expresses contempt, suspicion and arrogance. Prison rape during a call facie evidence of the hypocrisy, disgust, remorse or carelessness.
Psychologists, Michigan State University say that most people (about 90%), responding to a question that requires reflection, looking right or vlevo.Oni concluded that, based on this we can determine a person's character. «Levosmotryaschie», in their view, more sociable, musical, have a vivid imagination, is easier to become alcoholics, are more easily hypnotized and faster write.
«Pravosmotryaschie» more inclined to the exact sciences, less sleep, more often specialize in matematike.Sredi them, too, often meet people with nervous tics and twitching. Preliminary observations showed that «levosmotryaschie» more likely to suffer from asthma. Headaches, especially migraines, are more common among «pravosmotryaschih».
During business conversations recorded an extensive range of expressions on his face: at one extreme, aggressive hard man, looking at the negotiations as a means of achieving this goal. Such a person usually looks all right in his eyes, his eyes wide open, his lips firmly closed, his brows knit, and said he sometimes through clenched teeth, barely moving his lips.
At the other end of the spectrum - someone with a childlike look from under the cover of age, with a slight subtle smile, peacefully arched eyebrows, without a single crease on his forehead.
Many people confidently believe that people who do not look you in the eye - something to hide. Psychologists estimate that people look at each other from 30 to 60% of communication time. The extremes of this spectrum - in love, with adoration, passion or affection looking at each other, and the two conversing people ready to fight.
If two people during a call, look at each other for more than 60% of the time, they are probably most interested in the interlocutor than in the subject. Psychologists have found also that people are prone to eye contact to a greater extent when they are listening than when they speak. A person usually turns his eyes when asked questions that he feels uncomfortable, feels guilty. On the other hand, when a person is aggressive, spiteful, or protected, eye contact increase dramatically, the view becomes tense force.
His eyes are always determined by the internal feelings of people. According physiognomists, people with beautiful and attractive eyes have health, will, intelligence, temperament. Big eyes, in their opinion, indicate the sensitivity of the soul, courage.
Ancient Chinese physiognomists, as the Japanese, believe my eyes the most important part of the face, and if they «favorable», this circumstance outweighs the negative properties of all the other components of the face.
Through the eyes performed a visual perception of the world and is transmitted to the central nervous system for capturing and analysis of the shape, color and relative position of objects in space. Only visual analyzers can bring to our brain and consciousness expression of horror in the eyes of Ivan the Terrible killing his son, the enigmatic smile of the Mona Lisa, or send a reflection of the suffering in the face (Laocoon).
To estimate the eye used a number of signs. This is their size, planting, profiling and the length of the eye slits, eyes, focus, color, character of the building of their sockets, eyebrows, eyelashes, and their folds. Essential addition to the characteristics of the eye are the eyebrows.
Eyes called eyeballs with their surrounding soft tissues in the orbit, eyelids and eyelashes.
Location orbits and their size are extremely important indicators in the characterization of not only the eyes, but a person. There are low and high, deep and small, large and small eye sockets (orbits). As a rule, women have larger orbits. The form of the eye sockets of individual variability, but there are racial, sexual and other signs of differences. Mongoloid race is characterized by obliquely situated orbits.
Vertical profiling orbit - is the slope of their vertical plane relative to the Frankfurt horizontal (Fig. 8).
Marked profiling orbits considered in the case, if the angle is less than 80 degrees. Profiling is not at an angle of more than 90 degrees. Than the expression profiling of orbits, the deeper the planting of the eyeball.
Fig. 8
The length of the optic fissure is commensurate with the distance between the knobby outer edge of the orbit and the ground at the crest of the anterior fossa lacrimal sac, and about 65-70% of this length. The width of the optic fissure (in height) in normal ranges from 8.8 mm. (Low) to 9,8 mm. (Large).
Fold of the fixed part of the upper eyelid as a whole repeats the direction of the upper edge of the orbit of the skull (Fig. 9).
Fig. 9
Overhang of the upper eyelid crease depends on the degree of pointedness and «wrap» inside the upper edge of orbit. There are three degrees of curvature of the upper edge of the orbit and the corresponding three degrees overhanging fixed part of the upper eyelid: strong, moderate, and lack of overhangs (Fig. 10).
«Landing» eye - it is their location in relation to the nose, eyebrow arches, and the distance between the pupils. On this basis distinguish close-set, wide-set and deep-set eyes. Options standards interpupillary distances ranging from 56 to 64 mm., Depending on the type of person.
Fig. 10 degrees overhanging
fixed part of the upper eyelid: a, strong,
B-moderate in-absence of overhangs.
The next important feature - of the eyes. There are almond-shaped, oriental, slanting eyes and lobed (Fig. 11).
The most common shape of the eyes - almond-shaped, resembling the almond. Such eyes wide open, do not taper to the corners and their angles are on the same horizontal line. The upper eyelid covers the eyeball to the level of the iris.
Fig. 11 The situation of the upper eyelid crease.
a-in representatives of European race;
b-in representatives of the Mongoloid race.
Oriental type - different restriction eye slits in the corners and weakly expressed century. The inner and outer corners of eyes like those almond-shaped, located on the same level.
Slanted eyes to the inner corner of the expanded and the outer - is being curtailed, and their corners are not on the same level. External corner of the eye is located above the internal, and the line connecting the corners of the eye form with the horizontal angle of up to 10 -12 degrees, and this gives the eyes «kosinku».
Opposing this type - lobed eyes, different lines cut eyes, turned outwards - the outer corners of the eyes are located below the internal.
Using the described typology eyes, psychologists have identified the following specific psychological types, with their inherent characteristics: «expansive», «cold», «heroic», «sensitive» and type «suspicious people».
People «expansive» type eyes wide open, with massive centuries and clean, light protein. Look at them straight, they are shy, but polite and courteous. The nature of «expansive» people are optimistic, peaceful, do not be stingy and not ambitious. They are careful in the actions, judgments, views on life and events, are not inclined to change the fabric of life. Their ideal of life - stability.
People «cold» type have large, bulging eyes with east and cut close or normally planted with property tear. Eye color usually blue or gray, the upper eyelid fat, bottom - thin. Eyes wandered, without firmness and interest. The main feature of their nature - cold, indifferent, lazy vyalost.Okruzhayuschim they seem timid and indecisive, but behind this lies the natural laziness and weakness. They are not inherent qualities such as jealousy, ambition, jealousy. «Pieces of ice» pasuyut face of difficulties, humble themselves with any of his position, prefer to defer to the «tomorrow» solution of current affairs. It is difficult to see the angry, angry. Such people are not allocated activity and zeal in his work and home. Husband and wife in this type of family life - the standard gray coexistence.
For people «heroic» type is characterized by deep-set eyes, with a sharp, penetrating gaze. Color of their eyes - gray, brown, dark. These people - daredevils and visionaries, they are energetic, thorough, reliable, capable of the most unexpected things. They were the first to go through fire and water, the first to come to the aid in an emergency situation. People of this type are not afraid of danger, to be leaders, they involve the thrill, adventure, travel. They are inherent in a strong and proud character. At the same time, they are also unpredictable, intolerance, and in the quarrel - furiously.
The eyes of those «sense» type are located near or within normal limits, some «prominent», due to massive upper eyelid and medium-sized bottom. Eye color varies from blue to gray, but there are also brown.
For the people of this type is characterized by a developed system of moral values, manners, generosity, empathy, heightened «sensitivity» to many of the realities of life. In actions such people are guided more by emotions, feelings, and not reason. Therefore, they are swift in his judgments and actions, depending on the mood and sometimes inconsistent, and quickly broke out as quickly extinguished.
This type is close «nervous» type of people. They are characterized by bright, wide-open blue, green, rarely brown eyes. In the nature of their power lies with the sign «plus» and «negative». They are too blunt, truth-, passionate, which often leads them to irrational actions.
Representatives «suspicious» type have deep-set, slanted or almond-shaped eyes, with whites slightly yellowish and prominent red veins. Lower eyelid more massive than the upper, light eye color - gray or gray - green. They are taciturn, suspicious, gloomy, cautious, concerned and ambitious. Holders of such eyes do not forgive offenses, they have hatred, temper, tendency to isolation. Typically, this is a strong personality with a strong will and persistent attitude.
Eye color is determined by the perception of the color of the iris against the protein shell. Color of the iris depends on the amount of pigment and is inherited trait, not related to visual acuity. When a small quantity of pigment eye color closer to blue, and when there are many - black, brown, gray or multicolored. Blue eye color is more common among residents of northern countries, brown - in temperate climates, and dark (black) - the residents of the territories closer to the equator. Typically, the color is a universal measure for all ethnic groups.
Ancient Oriental physiognomists believe that eye color is one of the determinants of man's destiny and reflect his character. For example, blue, close to the blue color of eyes, typical sanguine, and the blue, clear eyes, with sedentary look, more common in phlegmatic. We melancholic and choleric blue eyes do not meet. U outstanding intellectuals, especially the sixteenth century, marked by brown eye color. Moist, red eyes give out pain, shock or distress. Red and dry eyes in any color inherent to the owners of the excitatory and irascible nature. Black eyes, as an attribute of courage, physical beauty, often inherent masculine facial features. Gray eyes are not very nicely, if the color is not compensated by other positive qualities of the person. Light yellow albuginea eye indicates liver disease or belonging to certain Asian nationalities.
Reaction, the foundations of life and energy at the brown-eyed and gray-eyed - are diametrically opposed, but despite this, such people are perfectly complement each other. It has long been observed that the brown-eyed dark hair often like the blue - or the gray-eyed blonde, and - contrary. This is explained by the fact that eyed and fair-haired people are excellent energy donor passion, warmth, and dark eyes and dark hair - this energy is absorbed.
«Vampire» properties of black eyes popularly known since time immemorial, but in a harmonious union with the gray-eyed, dark-eyed people only absorb excess energy, without causing any harm. Instead, blond themselves in need of «dumping», as the excess energy also brings many problems, creating irritation, frustration.
Found numerous facts and observations, that if your eyes are gray (blue) colors, the best partner for you would be brown-eyed people. Marriages between people with light fall, and in respect of such persons dominated the struggle for leadership or independence. Should not expect a quiet, stable marriage if the partners have the same color eyes! Only rigid moral values, laws, or your talent can save a marriage. It is difficult to sum alliance with the brown-eyed gray - green - brown-eyed man. Best partner for him to be a man with gray - green eyes. For a man with green eyes is an ideal ally to be the same as your eyes, or brown-eyed companion is favorable for life. Antipodes for the green-eyed - a man with gray - brown eyes, and green - brown for them - reliable allies and bodyguards.
It is of interest and color of the pupil (hole in the iris). In young, healthy people are in black. If it becomes green - the person may have a heavy degree of glaucoma, has changed color to blue - spazmofiliya on whitish - senile cataract. If the pupil glittered ( «eye blind cats») - may be suspected intraocular tumor.
Albuginea (sclera) usually looks dull - white. In old age, it becomes yellowish. If the person in front of you is not Asian-looking (for which the yellowish sclera - normal), it should be possible disorders of the liver. Porcelain - blue sclera happens in Lobstein's disease (congenital brittle bones), red - with heart disease, white as chalk - in diseases of the lungs.
Professionals, without additional survey techniques, simply by looking in his eyes, you can define such serious diseases as tabes, cerebral meningitis and encephalitis (for immobility of the pupil), congenital toxoplasmosis (for imperforate pupil). On convex, shining eyes (a symptom Grefe) can easily be suspected of having thyroid disease.
Such «sympathy» eye on the health of the whole body due to the fact that bodies are composed of a variety of tissues, so most of the system or organ pathology at least indirectly related to the eye. The mucous membrane of the eye through the neuro - humoral, biochemical and other mechanisms, closely linked with the mucous membrane of other organs and could not help to react to these changes by passing this «information» visually. Thus, for gastritis or inflammation of other organs, be sure to respond mucous eye - conjunctiva.
Current knowledge and publication of the information transmitted by the eyes of their shape, look and color, strongly complemented by the aesthetic and cognitive meaning of the iris. If it appear to be very tight - a sign of a great inheritance, good endurance and immunity. If it seems loose (not too tight) - immunity and stamina is not very stable. At large mental and physical stress from the owner of this iris possible nervous breakdowns, headaches, pain in the heart, irritability, depression. In these cases, the body needs help, and not rely solely on self-regulation and self-recovery.
In cases where the iris is definitely a «loose», with partitions, and there are many «holes» - is a sign of weak immunity and stamina. Even at low loads or stresses such people may have a nervous breakdown and psychosomatic disorders.
If the iris visible semiring or ring, passing through the entire surface, this may be a manifestation not reflected negative emotions, resentment and tension. The white arc on the edge of the iris, usually in its upper part, points to the atherosclerotic changes in vessels of the body. The presence of spots, blotches, clearances, or something - else, different from the rest of the iris pattern, indicates the presence of any abnormalities of organs and systems of the projection pattern of these bodies in the iris (see diagram).
Fig. 12 projection scheme bodies in the iris of the eye
Analysis of this information deals with a whole area of diagnostics, brought the state of the iris in its foundation, it is - iridology (from the Greek. «Iris» - the iris). Diagnostic informativity of this method is because the iris - a highly sensitive part of the body, so the hereditary factors, diseases of internal organs, poisoning, stress, reflected on it and become the object of research specialists.
Five thousand years ago in Asia Minor worked first iridodiagnosty that left his contemporaries fruits of their labors: stone slabs carved with images of their iris and pointers to its relationship with the various organs of the human body. The ancient Egyptians, this method is described in two papyri length over 50 meters and a width of 1.5 meters (stored in the Vatican Library). In addition, the priests - iridodiagnosty already at that time contrived «pictures» iris with special metal plates coated with a special a silvery liquid. In the tombs of the priests have found such a plate with bright colorful images of the eyes of Pharaoh Tutankhamen. They show that the ruler of Egypt was a very sick man. Today's professionals on the basis of the emerald - green eyes of Cleopatra suggest that the legendary beauty was a chronic syphilitic iritis - inflammation of the iris.
More than three millennia ago iridology widely used in India, China, Japan, Tibet, Babylon. Then, this method has been lost for a long time and only in 50 - x years of the nineteenth century back, thanks to I. Pekulei. His name is connected systematization iridologicheskih tests and the first substantiation of this method of diagnosis. As a surgeon, he watched the changes of the iris in people with various diseases, and found that each section of the body or body corresponds to a certain segment of the iris. In 1870 he published the «Guide for the Study of ocular diagnosis», as the epigraph to this work formed the words: «The eye is not only a mirror of the soul, but also a mirror of the body». Now iridology has spread throughout the world. The most important specialized centers were established in the United States and Germany, and in 1967 appeared in our country.
It is now known for more than thirty projection zones of the human body on the iris. After reviewing all the changes in different zones of the iris, the specialist can tell the patient not only about his disease, but also the hereditary predisposition to disease of each organ and organism as a whole.
With iridodiagnostics can not make an exact diagnosis, but you can determine exactly in what authorities have defeat. This method enables you to easily diagnose lesions of the spine, stomach, heart, ovary, prostate, liver, kidneys and other organs, but can not determine the presence of systemic diseases - rheumatism, diabetes, asthma, acute infectious diseases. The frequency of matches iridologicheskogo with a clinical diagnosis is 80%, and modern computer iridology allows more accurate diagnosis or to determine the zone of destruction up to 90%.
Known throughout the world Japanese physician and researcher Mishio Kushi, father of modern macrobiotic - diagnosis in the face, voice, hair, hands and skin, attaches great importance to the information transmitted by the eyes. According to him, in every area of my eyes all the bodies are presented in accordance with the principles of yin and yang. For example, the cerebellum represented at the inner side of the eye, and bark - closer to the outside. Small intestine - closer to the center and thick - to the periphery.
If the whites of his eyes will be viewed by twelve bloodshot lines, is a sign of poor performance of all organs. If more than six lines, there is a serious disease. Any lines on the protein in general, indicate the instability in the health of the organism. These lines are changed daily and respond not only to disease but also for food. Eaten on the night of animal products, in the morning will leave a trace in capillary sector of the stomach and intestines. If the line ends speck, it is a sign of stagnation of blood and lymph. Spots in the sector of the protein corresponding to the genitals - an indication of the presence of kidney stones, problems in the lower spine, prostate or ovaries. Color of spots on a brownish, dark, red or yellow. Darker spots mean more serious changes, and indicates the presence of cysts, stones, and red and yellow - to the stagnant, less serious phenomenon. Purple or green tint in any part of the eye is very dangerous. Dark - brown color indicates that the bodies are compacted.
The eyes should be soft and clear. Solidification of the eyeball causes blurred vision and leads to blindness. Whites of the eyes of blind people are often dark - blue or gray color.
The boundary between the iris, pupil of the protein and contains information about the state of the nervous system. If the autonomic nervous system works poorly, the reaction of the pupil to light is slower and not expressed. Pupil should be small and quickly respond to changes in lighting. When the sensitivity of the sympathetic nervous system is weakened and vision is reduced, then the boundary between the iris and the protein becomes dull and fuzzy. With some medicines, especially drugs, pupils are permanently dilated.
The attractiveness of the eye depends on the size and shape of the optic fissure, which in turn determined by the position and shape of the eyeball, and, especially, the size of age.
TRANSLATE FROM RUSSIAN BY GOOGLE
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Articles for theme "face":
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02-09-2009
Important in the formation of the head and the human face is its «heavenly part» - brow of old, who was considered one of the main decorations of the face. To create the impression of great height of the forehead, in the old days, Japanese woman shaves her eyebrows and painted them on the level of the hair.
It is known that the frontal bone is formed under the pressure of the growing brain and all its convolutions, taking over time one or another configuration. Therefore, the development of the brain affects the shape of the skull, forehead and face, but apparently there is some truth in the words of AS Pushkin: «I have heard the truth experienced that forehead is broad, but little brain!».
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02-09-2009
The basis of division by race are a few morphological features. Under the current classification of division by race is held on the so-called anthropo-geographical and color. There are three major races - Caucasoid, - This includes people with fair skin, Negroid, and its representatives have black skin and Mongoloid - the yellow race. Each group is divided into subgroups, characterized by certain features, but they are based on anthropological and geographical influence (Fig. 6).
The representatives of the same race shape of the head and face has something in common, but there are exceptions, and expressed.
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02-09-2009
Those men and women differ on a number of features. They should not be confused with individual characteristics.
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Prior to the onset of puberty and sexual peculiarities of the skeleton of the head is weak, but the skull of adults may be relatively easy to determine who - man or woman - he belongs.
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Person is a department of the human head, located on the hairy part to the chin and limited to the lateral surfaces of the temporo-auricular and buccal regions. From a topographical point of view, represented by several isolated zones: frontal, supraorbital, ushno-mastoid, eye, infraorbital, zygomatic, nasal, upper and nizhnegubnuyu, mouth, cheek and chin. Each of these zones is some information not only on the face, but also about its owner. In the face area are concentrated most important and most complex sensory organs, as well as various kinds of sensitive innervation, since the optical system and ending with tactile sensitivity.
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