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What is a smile - as sexy smile
02-09-2009
One of the most visible and spectacular ways to express feelings and emotions is a smile.
Do not be ringing - no violins
No wind - sniknut sails
And the role of a priceless smile
Throughout harmony person.
This property of human facial expressions created an integrated multi-element faces: eyes, lips, cheeks and is a very important contributing factor in human communication (Fig. 28). Some animals: dog, monkey, in an outburst of joy, able to present something like a smile, but only man is capable of a smile to express pleasure, joy, happiness, tenderness, joy, irony, sarcasm, love and other emotions. She can be haughty and mysterious, open and restrained, contemptuous and a beautiful, alluring, and sexual
Fig. 28 Expression of smiling eyes and lips
Smile - it is the rays of joy and love. This is the first thing a baby learns that tries to smile in the cradle of the mother and everyone who leans over him. Where there is no smile, there is a place of sadness, hatred and anger. Smile turning into a laugh - it is a sign of physical and moral health, youth, sincerity and soul.
Psychological and physiological significance of a smile for the man is very great. Smile like a rainbow, like a beautiful frame, the track draws a necklace of teeth, adorns the face, improves the appearance of man and gives him confidence in himself. If sadness and anger - the basis of pessimism, then the joy and the smile - the foundation of optimism. Unsmiling people cause mistrust or suspicion, and not have to himself. At the same time, smiling, have a strong attraction and positively charged energy.
In terms of physiology, a smile is a neyromuskulyarny act of impulse, which gives the central nervous system in response to auditory, visual or tactile information, and manifests the work of a particular group of facial muscles.
From an anatomical point of view, smile - is a certain dynamic state, the status of soft tissues, and especially the lips, on the teeth and other parts of the face. With such a dynamic state additionally exposed teeth, alveolar bone, tongue, oral mucosa, there is a redistribution of muscle mass a person, changing its shape and plastic expressiveness.
Smile difficult to characterize the quantitative yardstick because of the extreme complexity of the differentiation of transitional states. The degree of signs of a smile is different in each stage, the transition half-smile in stormy laughter.
When the manifestation of joy come into effect several of mimic muscles: the reduced circular eye muscles, my upper lip, corners of the mouth and cheeks are lifted upward and outward, which leads to the formation of wrinkles around the eyes and have their outer edges. These lines are characteristic signs of smiles and laughter. Expanded its wings and nose for nose formed small cross, and on the sides - a longitudinally inclined lines, which creates the illusion of shortening the nose. With a smile the upper front teeth bared, nasolabial folds, young people deepened and become clearly defined, and the elderly - can become a double, eyes enlightened and become brilliant, and when the stormy laughter watery. When a person becomes more laughter because of displacement of the cheek in hand, narrowing of eye slits, a person expressing grief - is lengthened due downcast brows, cheeks, corners of the mouth and chin. Growing tone facial muscles during the transition to laughter, additionally involves the muscles as the midface, and his other bands. Especially mutates perioral region: expanding boundaries Lactofiltrum upper lip - he smoothed, stretched, is modified line Cupid, narrowed and stretched her lips red border - they are thinner and harder to change the vertical angle of inclination, as well as a clearly defined horizontal curve of the upper lip.
With a broad smile and, especially, when the stormy laughter exposed not only the front teeth, but also the side, sometimes to the latter (Fig. 29).
Fig. 29 degree of exposure of teeth in laughter
In evaluating a smile define phase, the style and features of a smile. Distinguished by initial phase (half-smile) (a), light (B), moderate (a), expressed by (r), wide (d) smile and laugh (Fig. 30).
Fig. 30 Stages smile
Expression of a smile a healthy, modern, European man with a proportionate facial features, involves exposure of 2 / 3 the length of the front upper jaw, the curve of the cutting edges of the upper teeth is parallel to the inner curve of the lower lip and, thus, provides a clear visibility of the six upper front teeth (Fig. 31).
The basis of aesthetic evaluation of smiles on the principle balance of the lips, gums and teeth, according to the criteria that determine the type (style) smile. Felix E. (1999) proposed to divide all kinds of smiles on the three basic styles (Fig. 32).
1. Ugolkova or commissural smile (a), inherent to 70% of the population. The determining factor in it is raised up the corners of the mouth and bending lines Cupid.
2. Smile «fracture lip» (b), (up to 30% of the population), in the form of half-arches of the lower lip and two half-arches of the upper.
3. Integrated smile (c), (relatively rare). Its shape is represented by two parallel strips of the lips, exposing the upper and lower teeth.
Assess the beauty of a smile only on the lips and soft tissues is not true. There are about forty characters that make up the beauty of a smile. One of the most important are the exposure of the teeth, their shape, color and position, negative space, the ratio of the upper incisive edge to his lower lip, the severity of «buccal corridor» and the symmetry of a smile.
Depending on the height of the lips, the expression of her bridle, the type of occlusion and the activity of the upper or lower lip, baring teeth may be different (Fig. 33): incisor (a), cervical (cervical) (b) and gum (in).
Attempts by the method of photomontage or computer graphics to combine the space between the lips of one man, with a tooth near the other (the shape and the ratio of teeth other), have led to severe disruption of harmony and beauty of a person smiles famous photo models, actresses and politicians. This confirms the identity, proportionality and harmony in relation to the beauty of the individual. For tall people asthenic type, with an elongated face, characterized by long and narrow rectangular mouth, and for chubby - lips of moderate length, with rounded corners and ovoidnoy form. Dentists in the recovery of lost anterior teeth, using dental rules of harmony Williams and Nelson's triad (Fig. 34). The essence of these rules and the laws of harmony is in line contour contours of the teeth, with an approximation to a square, oval, conical and mixed forms, and the harmonious relationship between the shape of a person, a form of dental arch and the shape of the teeth.
The ensemble of six anterior teeth, the most visible in the smile, forms the upper dental arch, bounded from above gum line and below the cutting edge. One of the hallmarks of a beautiful smile is a matching convexity of the cutting edge of the upper dental arch - the concavity of the upper edge of the lower lip (Fig. 35b). Plane (a) and concave (c) incisal line - unattractive.
Fig. 35 Curves of the cutting edge
In literature and in studies of smiles famous Centerfold and models, there is the prevalence of central incisors in front of the lateral incisors on the size, length, labial nudity at rest and in relation to the plane of the face. This so-called concept of dominant central incisors (Fig. 36).
Fig. 36
Young people central incisors and a long side, and it gives them a form of the standard rectangle, in which the width is 60 percent or less in length. Cutting-edge central incisors often looks uneven (mammelony) with the rounding of the medial and distal corners. With aging, teeth are erased, and the length of central incisors becomes equal to the length of lateral incisors. Shortening the central incisors, while their width remains constant, their shape changes from square to square, and the proportion of width to length is not 60, and 100 percent or more. Cutting-edge becomes dull, blurred mammolony and mezio-distal angles are straight.
Design of a smile, taking into account the elements of sex, lies in the fact that the determining factor in this regard is the lateral incisor, which women have narrowed the gums, is rectangular-shaped, with radiating down the sides and a rounded cutting edge. Sam tooth is considerably narrower than the central incisor. Male lateral incisor is usually wider at the neck and has a rectangular shape with a parallel to the sides, and cutting edge in such a tooth more flat.
Of particular influence on the perception of a smile can have tusks capable of manifestation in rushing the mound, give the person an attribute aggressiveness, ferocity and cruelty, that in terms of design, is a reflection of the passive aggressive nature.
The next component of a smile, decorating or spoil it, is the negative space between the rows of white teeth. It occurs when you open a smile and open circuit tooth row, as a dark band, narrow or wide, symmetric (a) or deformed (b), (Fig. 37).
Fig. 37 Forms of negative space
Equally important for the beauty of a smile is, so called, «buccal corridor» - shading inside the space from the middle of the canine to the angle of the mouth (Fig. 38). This negative space between the buccal surface of the lateral teeth, mucosa of the cheeks and corners of the mouth, helps to achieve the effect of varying gradations in light of the teeth. At that time, as buccal corridor reduces the perception of parts, increases the illusion of distance and depth. This factor is of particular importance in restoring dental prostheses.
In a profile in this space, with a broad smile, the level of the upper dentition can rise up, hiding behind the upper lip, to be parallel to it, or descend. With a smile can be seen and rear side teeth (molars), which is not always in harmony with other signs of a beautiful smile. Bending of the upper lip is considered positive if the corners of his mouth with a smile lie above the lowest point of the center of the upper lip, and the negative - if the corners of his mouth are located below the center.
Fig. 38 buccal corridor.
Age alters the anatomy of a smile. With age the lips become less elastic and less favor, and when abrasion of teeth and decreasing the lower third of the face, there is an excess of soft tissue. When talking with older people are less visible to the upper and lower teeth longer, and with a smile is changing the ratio of the lips and teeth, as well as reduced border buccal space that the old smile.
It must be remembered that the artificial teeth are also included in the elements of smiles and must meet age, complexion, the structure of their own teeth, lip movements, and many other parts of the face.
If the lips - is the residence of the passions, that smile - is Prometheus Physiognomy; it could be a pitiful, gentle, sarcastic, sincere and ironic. A sincere smile - is something that comes from the heart.
In terms physiognomists, natural smile - is a complete harmony of feelings, and tightly closed lips express desire to keep their distance. According Delastera, the degree of pressing of the lips, directly proportional to the strength of character.
If you smile, the upper lip is stretched over the teeth - is an expression of false sincerity. Such overly «sincere» smile is a mask, hiding the true feelings of its owner.
Exposure of the gums with a smile, according physiognomists, the rate of generosity and commitment, regardless of whether it «paid» reciprocate.
And, finally, curve, asymmetric, soulless smile (smile for show). In one corner of her mouth rises above the other, creating the impression smile.
If the smile turns into laughter, then he carries the information about some character traits. Thus, a loud laugh (laughs heartily) - a sign of an open nature, good health, strength, cheerfulness and good temper.
Quiet, soft laughter, sometimes ending sigh - an indicator of soft, pliable nature with a weak will.
Very short, loud laugh - indicates the great strength of will, mind and closure, and the silent laugh - at rasschetlivost, caution and secrecy.
Curt own nervous laughter, rough nature, but rough - selfish, rude people.
We know that happy, smiling people often have good health and longevity. This is due not only to the enrichment of oxygen due to hyperventilation, but positive emotions, from euphoria that occurs in response to the production of endorphins - a kind of narcotics and stimulants good mood and feeling.
In recent years, American scientists have shown elevated levels of immunity in the merry, laughing people, compared with the sad, worried people. However, it is, apparently, does not belong to the category of people who use so-called derisive laughter, causing those around the bitterness, anger and negative emotions.
Although most of smiles are connected with positive emotions, there are and their negative opposites - smile. This kind of mimicry of the face and lips expressed in snide, rude and cynical smiles (read - jokes), supporting cruelty, bitterness, arrogance and contempt. Schadenfreude brutal nature of misfortune neighbor - always disgusting.
TRANSLATE FROM RUSSIAN BY GOOGLE
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