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When wrinkles appear - time appearance of wrinkles
03-09-2009
Aging, «return of youth» and prolong life, interested person from the time of antiquity. Nature has endowed man short-lived, but its physiological resources, its reserves, margin, calculated for more. Such facts are known: in Iran, lived an old man, who has worked for 195 years without glasses, and in Bolivia, a woman retained the ability to work in 203 years. In 1925, in Hungary, died on the couple when he was 172 years, and she - 164. Many examples of longevity and the Caucasus, but that life expectancy remains low: 60-70 years, and in some countries up to 40 years. Some researchers believe that 30% of dead people over the age of 85 years, died not from disease but from the loss of ability to resist violations, which at a young age would cause minimal changes.
The above examples of longevity, are examples of physiological age - a natural biological process, the morphological and functional changes in the organism. These changes capture the internal organs and systems, as well as fabrics that make up the appearance of man.
Along with the inevitable coming of physiological age, there is often sporadic process - a premature old age comes early, as a result of pathological changes and states. There are instances of premature old age, coming to full maturity of the organism.
Before outlining the structural, anatomical and functional age-related changes faces, pertinent characteristics of elderly people.
Soft-tissue have become flabby, clearly manifested bony structures;
-cheekbones stand out more and emphasize sunken cheeks;
-cheeks «fail» due to loss of skin elasticity, reduce the chewing muscles and loss of teeth;
-protruding chin and upwards;
-lips lose their volume, are refined and «fail», especially when they lose their front teeth or abrasion on the lips of a growing number of vertical wrinkles;
-decreases the distance between the tip of the nose and chin, softened relief podnosovoy creases and nasolabial folds become more pronounced;
, due to weakening of the circular muscles of the mouth and other mouth-muscles, changing the overall appearance of the mouth gap: it is visually «contracts», and the corners of his mouth dropped;
-tip of the nose thickens and acquires a downward slope;
-hairs in the nostrils appear;
, due to weakening of the structure of cartilage, the shape of the nose lose clarity;
-seen on the skin wrinkles, aging spots and wrinkles;
-whiskey are flat, sometimes hollow, which is associated with atrophy of the temporalis muscle, can occur contours of subcutaneous veins and arteries;
-brows become stiff, bushy, their hair may move up or down from the eyebrows;
Leather-century loses its elasticity, becomes loose, especially noticeable in the upper-first century, it formed transverse wrinkles, folds or large, due to the accumulation of adipose tissue, may forward the nomination of the beam-century, resulting in the form of the middle part of the upper eyelid is changing;
-formed numerous wrinkles around the outer corner of the eye, around the lower eyelid, sometimes reaching up to the temple;
-eyelashes are thinning and losing form;
-in the lower eyelids accumulate body fat and fluid, resulting in formation of bags, in addition, swelling of lower eyelids may be associated with certain diseases;
-eyeballs in disengaging The orbital cavity, the contours of the eyes are changing, due to the reduction of adipose tissue in the orbital area;
Age-fold decreases due to weakening of the muscles elevating the eyelid and the circular muscles of the eye;
-pupil decreases;
-iris slightly changes the color, which is associated with a decrease in the number of pigment;
, the conjunctiva may appear thin convoluted capillaries;
, due to infiltration of lipid substances, the sclera becomes yellowish tint;
-cornea loses its luster and clarity, which is associated with a decrease in the number of tears;
, the lens becomes more dense, acquires a yellowish tint, it is blooming;
-ears grow longer, the loss of elasticity of the cartilaginous structure; earlobe hang down, and shows the vertical wrinkles and folds, on the inner surface of the trestle, the entrance of the external auditory canal, there are hairs;
-before Kozelkov visible thin vertical lines (for men, they appear earlier than women);
-lines for ear shells are indicated more clearly;
hair-thin, gray, thinning, or fall, a process that begins in the fronto-temporal areas and on the crown;
-in women during menopause (age 50 years), on the face, usually on the upper lip and chin, the hair may appear.
Age-related changes are determined by the time of their appearance, and depend on the speed and extent of changes in individual traits. The degree of aging is a set age-related changes in the body, at the moment.
These changes occur continuously and at regular intervals, the same signs will have different expressions depending on the rate of aging. Thus, the rate of aging - a change in the degree of aging per unit time.
The human body is aging at the same physiological laws, and that the body of other animals. Senile change in the man and his appearance, in particular, face and neck are considered to be a manifestation of complex interrelated processes in the body, depending on the reduction of activity and functional capacity of many organs and systems. These processes are defined on the macro and micro levels. Examples of morphological changes at the macro level are age-related changes of connective tissue and blood vessels, gave rise to well-known saying: «A man is under the age of their vessels». Changes at the micro level relate to cellular processes, directly or indirectly dependent on genetic information that is encoded in the sequence of DNA of germ cells.
It is well known that in recent decades in economically developed countries, average life expectancy has increased dramatically. But this increase is not due to slowing aging. Sociologists and demographers explain this sharp decline in childhood mortality, reduced fertility and the success achieved in preventing and treating infectious diseases. Statistics confirm that the mortality among the elderly and senile, currently are not significantly different from the mortality of people in this age group in the last century.
Physiological age - a natural, biological process of structural and functional changes in the body, flowing long and uneven. The speed of these changes, leading to premature aging man and his external appearance, depends on many factors, closely related to each other. Physical and mental condition of the body will certainly affect the external appearance of man and especially on his face, figuratively that is formulated in terms: «The man's face - the mirror of his soul and the body». Excessive positive or negative psycho-emotional over-voltage (stress), causing a spasm of blood vessels and a violation of trophics predispose to premature aging and can cause early age-related changes of the skin, in particular the appearance of wrinkles and folds.
Under the influence of the above reasons and environmental factors, the most pronounced changes occur in the soft tissues of the face and neck, which depend on the condition of the skin, subcutaneous fat and muscle. Because these tissues along with bone and cartilage skeleton mainly play the role of plastic material entity, any changes in them affect the external appearance of man. Their structure, turgor, elasticity, spatial orientation, color and other qualities define its architectonics and expressive properties. The importance of features of the structure are playing and chewing activity of mimic muscles, safety or lack of teeth, especially the articulation. With age, rebuilt all the tissues of the face, resulting in changing its form and expression.
Subcutaneous fat layer, first gipertrofiruyas gradually atrophies and is replaced by coarse collagen fibers. Redistributed and its localization. If teenage years fat layer prevails on the cheeks, then it atrophies with age and delayed more than anything in the chin area. Therefore, changes shape of the face - it is extended. If this is added to hair loss, the person seems even longer. Diminished muscle tone and function, decreasing their density and volume. Reduced motor activity of muscles impoverishes mimicry and plastic expressiveness of a person who becomes maskoobraznym, circular muscle atrophy of the mouth, lips thin and shrivel, their mucous thinner, smoother line Cupid.
In the form-building shall take part, paired muscles - actually chewing and temporal. In his youth, they give a person a rounded shape, and with age in relation to their atrophy and thinning of the layer of fat cheeks and temporal area disengaging. Facial muscles themselves relatively thin, so their role in form-building faces negligible. However, due to the peculiarities of their attachment, they play a major role in mimicry of face during dynamic movements (talk, smile, laugh, facial expression), in moving the skin, which determines the early appearance of wrinkles and folds of the face. In view of the fact that they are mainly grouped around the orifices - the eye sockets, mouth, nose, ear, these areas before others and are senile changes.
Even more pronounced morphological changes occur in the skin, which is associated with thickening of elastic and collagen fibers decrease, change zhiroraspredeleniya. In addition, the facial skin is growing much faster and time is much longer than the facial skeleton. Related to these factors increase the mass of skin and its structural changes lead to the formation of natural folds, changing the shape of the soft parts of the face and eventually to the coarsening of its features.
The structural, anatomical and functional age-related changes in the tissues of the face and neck, leading to pronounced morphological features of aging, which manifest themselves first of all in the form of wrinkles. In some places they are formed transversely (forehead, neck), others - like rays (the outer corner of the eye), in the third - in parallel (upper lip, cheek). The appearance of certain wrinkles on the face reflects not only age-related changes, but also captures the peculiar nature of human fingerprints. As the prevalence of certain wrinkles on the face of a person can recognize features of his character, brought forward an emotional experience. Thus, when excessive activity «muscles of attention» to the early formation of transverse forehead wrinkles, giving the face an expression of concentrated attention and surprise. If the person most actively functioning pyramidal muscle ( «muscle proud»), it appears premature transverse folds in the nose and down the interior angles of the eyebrows, fixing on the face of the severity of expression, frustration, harsh.
The ability to manage emotions and facial movements helps delay the manifestations of age-related changes.
Despite the fact that age-related changes are individual and diverse individuals, scientists were able to organize, highlighting major and minor characters. The former include lowering the elasticity of soft tissues, skin dryness and thinning of the skin, her wrinkled (folding), senile deformation. The second - and pastoznost and swelling around the eyes, the porosity of the skin, hyperpigmentation, telangiectasia, and others. In different age periods, they can manifest themselves in varying degrees and do not coincide. But the main four features are required for all people, and secondary - are possible. Their gradual emergence described by many authors, but they are roughly equal. I. Kolgunenko (1974) presented them as follows. First of all, reduced elasticity of soft tissues, which manifests itself in increasing their displaceability on the skeleton. Such sluggishness tissues of the whole face or parts of many people coming as early as 25-30 years. Clinically, it manifests the porosity of the skin. In the age group from 17 to 25 years, the porosity of the skin appears to 18-20 years, and sometimes earlier. Another major sign of aging are wrinkles and folds, which may be caused by slackness of the skin, or do not relate to her. In the early period (20 years) they are formed in a dynamically active state of a person (laugh, smile, conversation) and a short time, completely disappearing. At the age of over 25 years they have not completely smoothed out, and probably get on thin dry skin. Order and time of appearance of wrinkles are more or less regular nature. The degree of wrinkles or define the descriptive method (primary, secondary, expressed and sharp) or in millimeters. In addition, the wrinkles fall in order. By furrows 1-th order include the frontal, nasal-labial and eye corners. By wrinkles 2-nd order - between the eyebrows, predkozelkovye, neck, 3rd order - on the ear lobes, on the nose, upper and lower lip. Wrinkles 4-th order covering the entire surface of the face. In men, wrinkles appear at 2-5 years earlier than women, although the facial expressions in the past, usually richer.
Forehead wrinkles become noticeable in 20 years. For 30 years they are more pronounced, and in 50 years, frontal rugosity becomes pronounced (Fig. 52).
Fig. 52 Dates of appearance of wrinkles
Nasolabial folds appear in 20-25 years and to 35 years deepened and transformed into the furrow, strongly expressed in 45-50 years.
The folds at the corners of his mouth begin to delve into 35 years.
Suborbital rugosity seen in 25 years as well as the wrinkles in the outer corners of eyes ( «crow's feet»).
Predkozelkovye wrinkles become noticeable in men 30-35 years, women - in 40 years.
Neck wrinkles appear in 25 years, with the age of climbing down and in front, and wrinkles between the eyebrows - in a later age (50-55 years).
Wrinkles 3rd order can be easily determined in 55-60 years. Earlier rugosity person contributes to professional and characteristic habits, state of the dental system, the height of the lower third of the face, declining with removal of teeth, deep bite and dentition defects. In addition to wrinkle formation vary with age and other exterior faces: the configuration line of hair growth, increase in width and lowered his eyebrows, upper eyelid swelling disappears, thinning red border of lips, corners of my mouth dropped. By 50-55 years of increasing the width of a person decreases its height in occlusion, mutates profile person.
Age changes in face shape (senile deformation) occurs in the later periods of life. But some parts of it already deformed in 30-40 years (eg, eyelids). Sinking soft tissues of the face changing its oval shape, stress nasolabial and buccal-podborodochuyu folds. Deep wrinkles at the corners of the mouth increase its size and add to the impression of lowered corners. Redistribution of soft body mass and change the axes of orientation leads to the fact that with age a person becomes an expression of severity, harshness and sadness. Described picture exacerbates the lack of teeth and thinning of the alveolar process, employees support for lips and cheeks. In this regard, lips shrivel and disengaging, stressing the protrusion of the nose and chin.
The age changes include a number of other features:
- Brown pigment spots ( «senile buckwheat» or «senile freckles»);
- Yellow seal on the skin, possibly cysts;
- Convex pigmented skin lesions, having a form of warts;
- Permanent bruises, bruises;
- Reddish vascular formation in different areas face - lips, ears, etc.;
- Capillary mesh in the nose, cheeks and other places.
Constitutional and architectural features of a person is most apparent with age, so they are used in the classification of age-related changes. I. Kolgunenko (1974), basing this classification, three signs - lowering the elasticity of soft tissues, wrinkled and senile strain, identified five types of early stages of aging and one on a late stage.
By the early stages she took the premature aging and an early form of natural aging. Among them, the first type is characterized by «tired face», ie decrease in elasticity of soft tissues of the face and neck, the second type - a «wrinkled face» with fine wrinkles, and the third type - a «deformed person» with senile deformation of the face and neck, the fourth - combined type with the inclusion of the three previous features, the fifth - a muscular type.
Late stage of aging includes the middle and late forms of natural aging, forming a sixth type, in the form of «old man's haggard face».
In the first type of aging people with middle position between the wide and narrow face, a young man with normal and moderately dry skin in middle age, with an average severity of subcutaneous fat and muscle layer. During this period starts fading of fabrics, but the permanent wrinkles yet. Form persons remains unchanged, although it disappears its youthful plumpness.
For the second type of aging are the main lines. It is characteristic of narrow oval astenikov, with poorly developed subcutaneous fat, dry, thinned skin. Constitutional these people are not inclined to be overweight and therefore at the age of 35-45 years have a stable weight.
The third type of aging predominates in individuals pyknic warehouse, with a porous oily skin and large facial features. Constitutional, they tend to have fullness in 35 years. Because these people have increased subcutaneous fat layer, they have long maintained the roundness of face shape, and there are no wrinkles. However, over time under the force of gravity moves to the fat layer of the lower face and neck. Thus cheeks hang down and down, changing the configuration of the oval and the lower face, in addition to the deformed area around the mouth, deepening the nasolabial folds, formed a second chin. Detect changes in the form of the upper part of the face, especially around the eyes. Therefore, the dominant feature of this type of aging is a pronounced deformation of soft tissues, leading to a change in shape of the face.
The aging face in the fourth (combined) type occurs, usually in people with moderate subcutaneous fat, moderate thinning and dryness of the skin.
The fifth type of aging is characteristic of persons with advanced facial muscles, moderately humid and moderately thick and elastic skin, trudnosmeschaemoy on the underlying tissue. In view of the fact that the aging of their faces proceeds on the type of malnutrition and atrophy of the skin and muscles, bypassing the stage of hypertrophy of subcutaneous fat, these people grow old later than others. In this type of aging Japanese, the Mongols, the people of Central Asia, etc.
The sixth type of aging occurs after 75 years of life, when the expression is reflected as the principal and secondary signs of aging.
The above age-related changes in bone skeleton and soft tissues of the head and face significantly change shape as its parts, and general appearance. Disengaging the cheeks, eyes, mouth, and whiskey. Against this background, much protruding nose, chin, cheek and eyebrow arches. Changed proportions of the face - the lower part decreases, and the nose and ears are increasing. Atrophy of adipose tissue and reduce the height of occlusion lead to sagging stretched skin around the mouth and in her cheeks. Sharply distinguished nasolabial and cheek-chin folds and wrinkles of all types. Lips become thinner, change shape and color. All this ultimately causes deformation of the faces have changed beyond recognition of its shape.
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Articles for theme "face":
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03-09-2009
While studying sculpture and painting portraits of the natural person or people who can distinguish the set of distinctive features that define the individuality of appearance, on the one hand, and the condition of the person (alive or portrait) - on the other. It's head and, accordingly, a person is part of the body, to a greater degree of personally identifiable individual. Externally, the person can be broadly defined physical and mental condition. It suffices to recall the expression of individuals in a state of agony in the religious ( «Crucifixion», «Sv.
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03-09-2009
Approximately 18 years of age the skin of a human face looks fresh, smooth and elastic. In adolescence, the external shape of the face changes in volumetric and proportional relationships, and by 30-35 years, it is formed completely, that is, in the dawn of life.
At maturity (after 40 years), there is a trend gaining weight, even in lean people. Undoubtedly, a role played by biological type, health and «modus vivendi», ie the image of human life. Fatty tissue on the face alters the familiar face.
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03-09-2009
In living nature, as in the material world in general, there is no completely symmetric or completely asymmetric objects. This principle of the structure of matter affects all its components: space, energy, physics, chemistry, biology, cells, atoms, electrons and quanta. In any object there is always the unity of symmetry and asymmetry.
Man, like vertebrates, bilateral symmetry of the body in the form of pairing organs or the presence of left and right halves of the individual parts and organs.
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03-09-2009
1. The pleasure (joy, happiness, laughter, smile, satisfaction, sympathy).
The intensity of expression of these emotions to a greater extent determined by the degree of displacement sideways commissure of the lips, the degree of opening of the mouth and the number of exposed teeth, and the degree of closure century.
With a smile:
closed-mouth or just slightly open, lower jaw slightly shifted downwards;
-commissure lip shifted to the side and upwards, the lips become thinner, more closely pressed to the teeth (reduced zygomaticus major muscle and muscle of the angle of the mouth).
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03-09-2009
Schematically one can distinguish three main types of facial expressions (Fig. 49). In each there is a certain dominant.
Neutral facial expressions. Muscle contraction and thus «expressive» skin folds are absent. Serenity, decisiveness, mild attention.
Expression of positive feelings. Face is flattened as if by centrifugal force. For example, stretch the lips, eyelids are smoothed out, elongated eyebrows. Thus, on the face show through optimism and positive emotions: laughter, smile, delight, joy.
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