Dental caries Dental caries - a pathological process, which appears after the dentition, at which the demineralization and softening of dental hard tissues with the subsequent formation of a defect in the form of cavities. Caries classified: 1. Dental caries in the stage of the spot. 2. Surface caries. 3. The average caries. 4. Deep caries. Physical methods of diagnosis, treatment and prevention are applied at different stages of the caries process. When caries in the stage of applying patches reminera-ization of dental tissues using electrophoresis of calcium fluoride.

Dental caries - a disease caused by various factors, which involves the use in the treatment of various preventive measures. The purpose of primary prevention - preventing the holding of fluoride, modified diet, which prevents the emergence of foci of dental caries. Secondary prophylactic treatment is early diagnosis of existing lesions (eg, primary carious lesions diagnosed by using X-ray diffraction using a bite device). Then - in order to prevent the emergence of new lesions or further loss of hard tissue of teeth carry out the necessary therapeutic measures (remineralization, sealing the fissure).

For the treatment of deep caries mainly use therapeutic pads on calcium hydroxide. Materials containing Ca (OH) 2> have a pronounced antimicrobial, odontotropnym and anti-inflammatory effect. Kalmetsin - powder containing calcium hydroxide, zinc oxide, human blood plasma and sulfatsil-sodium (albutsid-sodium). Liquid part of the therapy pads, contains an aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. To prepare the lining of kalmetsina on a dry glass plate is applied 2-3 drops of this liquid and add it in small portions powder until smooth plastic soft mass.

Non-carious dental hard tissue lesions occur during their formation or after the eruption. In the period of formation of dental hard tissues most frequently find hypoplasia. To defeat the teeth, emerging after the eruption, are wedge-shaped defect, erosion of enamel abrasion of dental hard tissues.  Systemic hypoplasia of tooth tissue occurs in pathology of metabolic processes in their beginnings under the influence violations of mineral and protein metabolism in the fetus or child.

The most frequent localization of caries are fissures, pits and deepening the chewing (occlusal) surfaces of teeth that are poorly cleared brush. As a result, they accumulate food debris, and consequently, there is an intensive growth of microorganisms, which ultimately leads to the development of caries. At the same time using different methods of fluoride prevention, dental plaque in these areas prevents the flow of enamel fluoride ions. The above circumstances led many researchers to seek special funds for the prevention of caries on the chewing surfaces of teeth.

Application of fluorine compounds for the prevention of dental caries can be divided into two main ways - the system (endogenous) - intake of fluoride in the body of water, salt, milk, tablets or drops, and local (exogenous) - the use of solutions, gels, toothpaste, varnishes. The conventionality of this division is that the means used systemically, and has a local impact, and vice versa, the local use of resources contributes to their absorption through the mucous membranes of the circulatory system.

Dental elixirs are used to rinse the mouth. They improve the cleaning of surfaces of teeth, prevent the formation of plaque, deodorize the mouth. The structure of elixirs usually add biologically active components. Elixir "Ksident contains sodium fluoride, a drug ksidifon who, as a regulator of calcium levels in the body, prevents the formation of plaque and stone. He has protivokarioznoe, anti-inflammatory and disinfectant effect.  Pronounced anti-inflammatory and deodorizing properties have elixirs "Forest", "Paradontax", "Salviathymol", containing a complex of vegetable supplements - herbal extracts of sage, chamomile, myrrh, echinacea.

In the prevention of dental caries and inflammatory periodontal diseases play a big role nutrition as part of a healthy lifestyle. Nutrition can affect the tooth tissue in two ways: • during the formation of the tooth before eruption; • after the eruption. For the development of resistance to dental caries one of the main conditions is full of quality and quantity of food a pregnant woman, including dairy products, minerals, vitamins, vegetables, fruit. Of no less importance in the development of resistance of dental tissues has food in the first year of life when there is a tab and the development of permanent teeth.

Often you hear about dental sealants, but still do not know anything about them? Dental sealants - a peculiar kind of plastic used for the introduction of grooves in the surface of the tooth to prevent the formation of cavities. On the surface of the rear (chewing) teeth groove narrower and deeper, so to clean them can be difficult and often impossible, and usually there is formed cavities. That is why dentists offer us to use the service - application of dental sealants, through which the chewing surfaces of teeth becomes more flat, even and, consequently, to clean the teeth with the toothbrush turns out much more carefully.

Most parents do not stare a little child's mouth, do not examine the baby's teeth and do not lead him to accept the dentist, appealing is that milk teeth, and they have replaced. But kids need to keep your teeth and eating too teeth begin to hurt them necessarily need to be treated. In children under the age of three often found caries of deciduous teeth. Most of the pathological process affects the milk incisors of the upper jaw and the chewing surfaces of molars. Factors contributing to the development of caries in children, are violations of the tissue structure of the tooth (malformations) that have arisen in the child in utero, and maternal diseases - rheumatism, hypertension, viral infectious diseases, endocrine diseases, toxicosis, etc.

In teeth constantly occur two opposing processes - demineralization and mineralization of recovery (remineralization): due to the effect of microorganisms (bacteria) and plaques (attacks on the tooth surface) at the beginning of the tooth enamel, and then from the solid tissue of the tooth actually released minerals, such as calcium, resulting in teeth demineralization. Saliva acts on this process neytralizuyusche, postponing the excess minerals back into the solid substance of the teeth, due to this happening remineralization of teeth.

 It is known that regular and thorough removal of plaque is important in the prevention of caries. For an objective assessment of oral hygiene produce display (stained) plaque with special diagnostic dyes (indicators), which recorded organic component of dental plaque.  2.1.1. Indicators plaque  In the dental practice as a diagnostic dye used plaque 0,75% and 6% solution of basic fuchsin, 4.5% alcohol solution of erythrosine, erythrosine tablets (from 6 - 10 mg), solution Schiller - Pisarev, 2% aqueous methylene blue.

CARIES - pathological process of infecting the tooth after its eruption, accompanied by demineralization of hard tissue that subsequently leads to the formation of a defect in the form of the cavity.  Currently, dental caries is among the most common diseases. This is due primarily to social factors: working and living conditions of people, the nature of their diet and environmental changes, lack of fluoride in drinking water sources, poor oral hygiene and other reasons ..  The high prevalence and intensity of caries requires a broad prevention of this pathology.